Nicotine is believed to be fueling the spread of breast cancer by encouraging more cells from the original tumor to other parts of the body, concluded the researchers in the latest issue of Cancer Research, a journal issued by the American Association for Cancer Research.
Although scientists need time to pinpoint the exact role that nicotine may play in the spread of breast cancer, there is no doubt that nicotine may contribute to the "metastasis" that so often kills patients, according to the study - published earlier this month.
In addition to being an additional warning of the dangers of smoking, these findings also may point to new targets for cancer drugs, the study said, that held by researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Nicotine, a component of tobacco, have been associated with a variety of malignancies - not only lung cancer, but also the head and neck cancer, prostate cancer and others.
"It is known that there are 10 to 12 nicotine receptors that express on the surface of various cells," said Dr.. Chang Yan Chen, from the Department of Radiation Oncology, who participated in the study.
"We do not know why nicotine receptors express in all the cell surfaces from various tissue origins, but really know that nicotine is an important neuron transmitter in the central nervous system. It has been reported that nicotine can promote certain intra-cellular signaling in lung cancer, "he said.
Therefore, although most research on nicotine has focused on its impact on the nervous system, recent research suggests that nicotine can also activate signaling pathways in non-neuronal cells, including tumor cells, the study said.
In a series of lab experiments, Chen and his colleagues discovered that certain breast epithelial cells produce different subtypes of the nicotine receptor nAChR, as do certain breast tumor cells.
When these receptors were bound with nicotine, they started signaling the cells to grow and migrate, the study said. The findings were confirmed in mice.
Looks like not enough nicotine to cause movement of the tumor itself, although scientists do not yet know which molecules nicotine partners with to do that.
"I took two cell lines and checked to see if the cells expressed the nicotine receptor, and I found they did," Chen said. "I found that giving a certain sign is upregulated, but (nicotine) itself can not push the cell to 'tumorigenesis' (cancer formation). The conclusion is perhaps nicotine can activate the provision of certain intra-cellular signaling, but really, it depends on the genetic background of each person. "
Although scientists need time to pinpoint the exact role that nicotine may play in the spread of breast cancer, there is no doubt that nicotine may contribute to the "metastasis" that so often kills patients, according to the study - published earlier this month.
In addition to being an additional warning of the dangers of smoking, these findings also may point to new targets for cancer drugs, the study said, that held by researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Nicotine, a component of tobacco, have been associated with a variety of malignancies - not only lung cancer, but also the head and neck cancer, prostate cancer and others.
"It is known that there are 10 to 12 nicotine receptors that express on the surface of various cells," said Dr.. Chang Yan Chen, from the Department of Radiation Oncology, who participated in the study.
"We do not know why nicotine receptors express in all the cell surfaces from various tissue origins, but really know that nicotine is an important neuron transmitter in the central nervous system. It has been reported that nicotine can promote certain intra-cellular signaling in lung cancer, "he said.
Therefore, although most research on nicotine has focused on its impact on the nervous system, recent research suggests that nicotine can also activate signaling pathways in non-neuronal cells, including tumor cells, the study said.
In a series of lab experiments, Chen and his colleagues discovered that certain breast epithelial cells produce different subtypes of the nicotine receptor nAChR, as do certain breast tumor cells.
When these receptors were bound with nicotine, they started signaling the cells to grow and migrate, the study said. The findings were confirmed in mice.
Looks like not enough nicotine to cause movement of the tumor itself, although scientists do not yet know which molecules nicotine partners with to do that.
"I took two cell lines and checked to see if the cells expressed the nicotine receptor, and I found they did," Chen said. "I found that giving a certain sign is upregulated, but (nicotine) itself can not push the cell to 'tumorigenesis' (cancer formation). The conclusion is perhaps nicotine can activate the provision of certain intra-cellular signaling, but really, it depends on the genetic background of each person. "
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